Jeju City is located on the north side of Cheju Island, is located in the Korean Strait, south of the South Korean mainland. In 1946, Cheju Island became a Special Self-Governing Province and today is known as Jeju Province, short Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Jeju City is the capital of Jeju Province.[1]
With its mild climate, Jeju is a popular vacation spot for Koreans and many Japanese. Jeju City city is a well-known resort, with prestigious hotels and public casino facilities. The economy is primarily gear to the tourists trade, but the city is surrounded by orange and mandarin farms.[2]
Cheju Island, or Jeju Island, is also known as the “Island of the Gods”. The island has a surface area of 1,846 square kilometers (712.744 mi2) and was formed by volcanic activity starting during the Cretaceous period and lasted until the early Tertiary period. Mount Hallasan is a shield volcano and is the tallest mountain in South Korea. Mount Hallasan is dormant and rises 1,950 meters (6397.637 feet) above sea level. The island is covered in by volcanic rock and volcanic soil and the weather is mild and warm throughout the year. Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007.[3]
? – 1404: Jeju Island was ruled by the kingdom of Tamna from ancient times until it was absorbed by the Korean Joseon Dynasty.[19]
1271: General Kim Tong-jeong escaped with what remained of his Sambyeolcho force from Jindo and built the Hangpadu Fortress at Kwiil-chon. They hold out for two years before being total annihilated.
433: The kingdoms of Baekje and Silla form an alliance against Goguryeo's aggression.
475: Goguryeo attacks Baekje and captures Hanseong (modern day Seoul). Baekje moves its capital south to Ungjin (modern day Gongju), and again to Sabi (modern day Buyeo) in 523.
494: The last remains of the Buyeo kingdom is absorbed by Goguryeo.
498: The Baekje kingdom attacks Tamna (modern day Jejudo).
1871: United States Asiatic Squadron has first military encounter with Korea in the Sinmi Yangyo.
1876: Korea's ports are formally opened under the Treaty of Ganghwa.
1884: Kim Okgyun leads the Gapsin Jeongbyeon. In 3 days, Chinese forces are able to overwhelm the Progressives and their Japanese supporters.
1894: Donghak Rebellion prompts the first Sino-Japanese War and Gabo Reforms. The Gabo Reforms addressed such social reforms as discrimination based on the class system, slavery, underage marriage were all banned and widows were granted the right to remarry. Even though the Gabo Reforms officially abolished slavery in reality it continued until 1930. Estimates are that 30% to 50% of the Korean population were slaves during the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910).[17]
1897: 20 February. King Gojong returns to the palace after 1 year of refuge at the Russian legation.
1900 - 2012
1902, January 30: Japan signs the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. The alliance was renewed and extended in scope in 1905 and 1911, before its demise in 1921. It was officially terminated in 1923.
Allied (Entente) Powers
France, British Empire, Russia (1914-17), Italy (1915-18), United States (1917-18), Romania (1916-18), Japan, Serbia, Belgium, Greece (1917-18) and others.
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria (1915-18).
1918, March 3: Russia and Germany sign an armistice at Brest-Litovsk.
1918, November 11: Armistice Day. At the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, Germany signs an armistice with the Allies. The war is officially over. More than 8.5 million have been killed and over twice as many wounded from across the globe. New technology has been created, America has risen to prominence as an economic power and new countries are forming in Europe and the Middle East.
1916: The final wave of Uibyeong rebels is defeated by Japanese forces.
1919: March 1st Movement. Spurred by the sudden and mysterious death of Gojong. Declaration of Korean Independence. Nation-wide peaceful demonstrations are crushed by Japanese military and police forces after two months. Governor-General Hasegawa resigns.
1935, October 3: The Second Italo-Abyssinian War. Italian armed forces from Eritrea invaded Ethiopia without a declaration of war. In response Ethiopia declares war on Italy. On October 7, the League of Nations declared Italy to be the aggressor, and started the slow process of imposing limited sanctions on Italy.
People's Republic of Korea (PRK) was a short-lived provisional government that was organized with the aim to take over control of Korea shortly after the Surrender of the Empire of Japan at the end of World War II. It operated as the government in late August and early September 1945 until the United States Army Military Government in Korea was established by the United States of America. After that it operated unofficially, and in opposition to the United States Military Government, until it was forcibly dissolved in January 1946.
1946: US-USSR Joint-Commission on the formation of a Korean Government reaches an impasse. The Joint-commission is dissolved as the Cold War begins.
1948, 10 May: UN sponsored elections are held in South Korea.
1949: The murder of Kim Gu. Kim Gu was a Korean Nationalist who believed in, and fought for, a unified Korea. He strongly objected to the formation of a separate South Korean state. He was shot in his home by a South Korean Army lieutenant.
1949, March 23: President Harry S. Truman approves the withdrawal of all US Forces in South Korea except for 500 military advisors.[7]
1950, October 19: UN Troop capture Pyongyang city, the capital of North Korean.[9]
1950, October 25: Two hundred thousand Chinese troops of the People's Volunteer Army enter North Korea. Chairman Mao Zedong appointed Zhou Enlai as the overall commander and coordinator of the war effort, with Peng Dehuai as field commander. [10]
1950, October 25: The Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) 13th Army Group launched the First Phase Offensive, attacking the advancing U.N. forces near the Sino-Korean border. Twelve days later, Stalin allowed the Soviet Air Force to provide air cover, and provides more aid to China.[11]
1950, November 27: The Chinese 9th Army launched multiple attacks and ambushes along the road between the Chosin Reservoir and Koto-ri. At Yudam-ni, the 5th, 7th and 11th Marines were surrounded. The UN forces breakout on December 6 and conduct a fighting withdrawal to the port city of Hungnam. Approximately 105,000 soldiers, 98,000 civilians, 17,500 vehicles, and 350,000 tons of supplies are evacuated from Hungnam.[12]
1970: Gyeongbu Expressway (Seoul - Busan) is completed and opened to traffic.
1972: Start of the third Five-year plans of South Korea.
1972, 12 August: The first Red Cross talks between North and South Korea are held.
1972: President Park Chung Hee declares Emergency Martial Law and changes Constitution in August, which may allow him to become the permanent ruler. This is similar to Gojong of the Korean Empire stating his country's governmental system as 'autocratic' in the constitution- for greater leadership and less opposition.
1974, 15 August: Assassination of first lady Yuk Young-soo by self-proclaimed North Korean Mun Segwang.
1976, 12 October: Discontinuation of rice imports, accomplishment of total self-sufficiency in rice by the 'Unification Rice'.
1977: start of the fourth Five-year plans of South Korea.
1977: 22 December. Celebration of achievement of 10 billion dollars gained by exports.
1978, 26 October: Detection of 3rd underground tunnel. Made by North Korea to attack South Korea.
1978, 10 December: Achievement of 1,117 US dollars as GNP.
1979: American president Jimmy Carter visits Korea. Threatens Park by stating he would reduce the US forces in Korea if he does not stop the ongoing Nuclear Weapons Development project.
1980: The Gwangju Uprising. Martial Law is declared throughout the nation. The city of Gwangju becomes a battleground between dissenters and the Armed Forces (18-27 May). Some reports claim over 100 casualties.
1994: Kim Jong Il takes control of North Korea upon the death of his father Kim Il-Sung. Start of the Arduous March (famine), in North Korea.
1998: Taepodong-1, a two-stage intermediate-range ballistic missile is developed and tested by the DPRK. End of the Arduous March famine in North Korea. It is possible that up to 3.5 million people did not survive the 'march'.
1999: The DPRK promises to freeze long-range missile tests.
2000: President Kim Dae-jung becomes the first South Korean to win the Nobel Peace Prize.[13]
2002: The 2002 FIFA World Cup jointly held by Korea & Japan. The Korean National Team makes it to the semi-finals for the first time in Korean history. The DPRK pledges to extend moratorium on missile tests beyond 2003.
2004: The DPRK reaffirms moratorium.
2005: The DPRK fires short-range missile into the Sea of Japan (East Sea).
2007: The second summit between DPRK and ROK leaders is held, with Roh Moo-hyun representing the south and Kim Jong Il the north. The DPRK fires short-range missile into the Sea of Japan.
2008: A South Korean tourist, a women in about her 50s, is shot down by a DPRK soldier for 'going into military territory' at 4 am, in Keumgang Mountain Tourist Region. This causes immediate uproar and all tourism into North Korea is suspended after the incident.
2009: North Korea launches a rocket (Unha), supposedly for space exploration. This move affects relationships with Japan, the United States and South Korea. The DPRK conducts another nuclear test.
2011, 17 December: Kim Jong Il dies, Kim Jong un takes over as the Supreme Leader of North Korea. The National Intelligence Service discovers Communist spies who have been working underground for the DPRK for almost 10 years. One of the members was a former Democratic Party representative. Their mission was to influence the party named above and extract military secret information.
2012, 13 April: The Kim Regime of the DPRK tested a rocket, officially called “Unha-3”, an expendable launch system developed from the Soviet Scud rockets. The rocket was to send a satellite, called “Kwangmyongsong-3”, into orbit. The rocket failed to launch the satellite and fell into the Yellow Sea. The mission ultimately ended in complete failure.
Monthly average highs and low temperatures and the average amount of precipitation for Jeju, South Korea. Data from Climate-Data.org > Asia > South Korea > Jeju-do > Jeju.
Humid subtropical climate; coldest month averaging above 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), at least one month's average temperature above 22 °C (71.6 °F), and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). No significant precipitation difference between seasons (neither abovementioned set of conditions fulfilled). No dry months in the summer. [Ref]
