Xuchang, Henan,
China, has been a natural transportation hub since early times. The city is located where the
north-south route along the western edge of the North China Plain is crossed
by the main route running northeast from Shangqiu and to the coastal province of
Shandong and by the southwesterly route between the Nanyang region
and the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) valley. Xuchang was in the central region of the ancient
Xia Dynasty (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BCE). Xuchang is located on the southwestern edge of the
North China Plain, northeast of the Funiu Range, part of the
Qin [Tsinling] Mountains.
[1]
"According to tradition, the city was named after Xu, an ancient state led by tribal leader Xuyou during the Spring and Autumn Period
(c. 771 until 476 BC) of the Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046–256 BC)." The city was named Xuchang in
221, meaning "Xu Rising" during the Wei Kingdom (220-280). Today the city is a
prefecture-level city
in central Henan province of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
In 2010, the population of Xuchang was 4,307,199.[2]
21 BC – 16 BC: The city now known as Xuchang was in the central region of the Xia Dynasty.[3]
1046–256 BC: According to tradition, the city now known as Xuchang was named after Xu, an ancient state led by tribal leader Xuyou during the Spring and Autumn Period of the Zhou Dynasty.[4]
11 BC - 771 BC: Xu was the headstream of the ancient Xu Kingdom in Western Zhou Dynasty.[3]
196: After finding the old capital Luoyang ravaged by war, the warlord Cao Cao moved the imperial court and Emperor Xian of Han to his de facto capital to what is now Xuchang.[4]
221: The city was renamed "Xuchang", meaning "Xu Rising" during the reign of the Wei Kingdom.[3]
1271: The Spring and Autumn Tower is built during the Yuan Dynasty and went through many renovations during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The tower was built for the glorious general Guanyu of the Shu Kingdom (Han Dynasty).[3]
For more information on Xuchang and its history, visit the following sites:
1902, January 30: Japan signs the Anglo-Japanese Alliance.
The alliance was renewed and extended in scope in 1905 and 1911, before its demise in 1921. It was officially terminated in 1923.
Allied (Entente) Powers
France, British Empire, Russia (1914–17), Italy (1915–18), United States (1917–18), Romania (1916–18), Japan, Serbia, Belgium, Greece (1917–18) and others
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria (1915–18)
1918, March 3: Russia and Germany sign an armistice at Brest-Litovsk.
1918, November 11: Armistice Day. At the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, Germany
signs an armistice with the Allies. The war is officially over. More than 8.5 million have been killed and over twice as many wounded from across the globe. New technology has
been created, America has risen to prominence as an economic power and new countries are forming in Europe and the Middle East.
1935, October 3; The Second Italo-Abyssinian War. Italian armed forces from Eritrea invaded Ethiopia without a declaration of war. In response Ethiopia declares war on Italy. On October 7, the League of Nations declared Italy to be the aggressor, and started the slow process of imposing limited sanctions on Italy.
1949: The murder of Kim Gu. Kim Gu was a Korean Nationalist who believed in, and fought for, a unified Korea. He strongly objected to the formation of a separate South Korean state. He was shot in his home by a South Korean Army lieutenant.
1949, March 23: President Harry S. Truman approves the withdrawal of all US Forces in South Korea except for 500 military advisors.[7]
1950, October 19: UN Troop capture Pyongyang city, the capital of North Korean.[9]
1950, October 25: Two hundred thousand Chinese troops of the People's Volunteer Army enter North Korea. Chairman Mao Zedong appointed Zhou Enlai as the overall commander and coordinator of the war effort, with Peng Dehuai as field commander. [10]
1950, October 25: The Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) 13th Army Group launched the First Phase Offensive, attacking the advancing U.N. forces near the Sino-Korean border. Twelve days later, Stalin allowed the Soviet Air Force to provide air cover, and provides more aid to China.[11]
1950, November 27: The Chinese 9th Army launched multiple attacks and ambushes along the road between the Chosin Reservoir and Koto-ri. At Yudam-ni, the 5th, 7th and 11th Marines were surrounded. The UN forces breakout on December 6 and conduct a fighting withdrawal to the port city of Hungnam. Approximately 105,000 soldiers, 98,000 civilians, 17,500 vehicles, and 350,000 tons of supplies are evacuated from Hungnam.[12]
Monthly average highs and low temperatures and the average amount of precipitation for Xuchang, China. Data from Information from Wikipedia, Weather China. The location of the reporting station is unknown.
Month
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual
Avg. High
43 °
48 °
57 °
70.3 °
80.2 °
89.2 °
89.6 °
87.3 °
80.6 °
71.1 °
57.9 °
46.8 °
68.42 °
Avg. Low
25.5 °
29.5 °
37.4 °
48.9 °
58.6 °
68 °
73.6 °
71.6 °
61.9 °
50.9 °
38.7 °
28.9 °
49.56 °
Mean
34.25 °
38.75 °
47.2 °
59.6 °
69.4 °
78.6 °
81.6 °
79.45 °
71.25 °
61 °
48.3 °
37.85 °
58.94 °
Avg. Prec.
0.47 in
0.59 in
1.33 in
1.71 in
2.87 in
3.29 in
6.43 in
4.79 in
2.381 in
1.996 in
1.02 in
0.48 in
27.78 in
The warmest month of the year is July with an average maximum temperature of 89.6° Fahrenheit, while the coldest month of the year is January with an average minimum temperature
of 25.5° Fahrenheit. The highest reported temperature was 107.4° Fahrenheit in June, while the lowest reported was -3.3° Fahrenheit in February.
Temperature variations between night and day tend to be moderate with an average difference of 18.96° Fahrenheit.
The wettest month of the year is July with an average rainfall of 6.34 inches, the driest month of the year is January with an average rainfall of 0.47 inches, December has an average
rainfall of 0.48 inches. The total annual precipitation in Xuchang is 27.78 inches.
Monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate; coldest month averaging above 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), at least one month's average temperature above 22 °C (71.6 °F), and at least four months averaging above 10 °C (50 °F). At least ten times as much rain in the wettest month of summer as in the driest month of winter (alternative definition is 70% or more of average annual precipitation is received in the warmest six months). [Ref]
